Frankincense, specifically from the Boswellia serrata tree, is a resin that has been used in Ayurvedic and other traditional medicines for centuries for its anti-inflammatory properties. Many of its health benefits are attributed to compounds called boswellic acids. It is available as a supplement, cream, and essential oil. 

Health benefits and uses

Anti-inflammatory effects

• Osteoarthritis (OA): Boswellia serrata has shown promise in reducing the pain, stiffness, and inflammation of osteoarthritis, particularly in the knee. Its active compounds inhibit enzymes that cause inflammation and prevent cartilage degradation.

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): While some studies show that boswellia can help reduce inflammation associated with RA, research results are mixed, and its effectiveness is not as significant as standard prescription medications.

• Asthma: The anti-inflammatory effects can help manage asthma symptoms by preventing the production of leukotrienes, which cause bronchial muscles to constrict. Some small studies have shown that it may lead to fewer necessary inhalations for some patients.

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Its anti-inflammatory properties may also be helpful in managing conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Preliminary studies have shown potential benefits, but more research is needed. 

Other potential benefits

• Skin health: When applied topically, frankincense essential oil and extracts can help improve skin tone and reduce the appearance of irritation and redness. Its astringent properties may also help reduce fine lines and wrinkles.

• Oral health: The antibacterial properties of boswellic acids may help prevent and treat oral infections, including gum disease.

• Anticancer properties: Test-tube and animal studies have suggested that boswellic acids may help prevent cancer cells from spreading and could reduce brain edema (swelling) in brain tumor patients. However, extensive human research is still needed.

• Neuroprotection: Some animal studies suggest that boswellia may have a protective effect on neurons, potentially benefiting conditions like Parkinson's disease. 

Uses

• Oral supplements: Boswellia serrata extract is widely available in capsules and tablets for treating inflammatory conditions like arthritis and IBD. Dosages can vary, so it's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and consult a doctor.

• Topical applications: Frankincense essential oil, typically diluted with a carrier oil, can be applied to the skin for anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects. Creams and ointments containing boswellia are also available.

• Aromatherapy: The resin is used in incense and essential oils for its woody, spicy scent, which can be inhaled for relaxation and mood enhancement. 

Side effects and precautions

• Digestive issues: Some people may experience mild gastrointestinal side effects, such as stomach pain, nausea, and diarrhea.

• Allergic reactions: When applied to the skin, boswellia can cause a rash in sensitive individuals.

• Interactions: Boswellia may interact with and reduce the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin. It can also increase the risk of bleeding when taken with blood thinners like warfarin.

• Pregnancy: Pregnant individuals should avoid using boswellia, as some research suggests it can stimulate blood flow in the pelvis and uterus, potentially increasing the risk of miscarriage.

• Liver conditions: Individuals with liver problems should consult their doctor before taking boswellia, although research does not suggest it is a major cause of liver injury.